Question 1

Organic chemicals whose structures have positively charged groups tend to be very immobile in the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which class of organic toxins is often intentionally applied to soils?

Accepted Answer

A)  refrigerants
B)  pesticides
C)  fuels
D)  preservatives
E)  plasticizersF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Hyperaccumulators are plants that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  can survive on metal-contaminated soil by growing without taking in too much of the metal in question
B)  are extremely sensitive to the toxic effect of certain heavy metals and therefore act as an early warning system to detect contamination
C)  take up extremely high amounts of certain metals without being harmed
D)  accumulate dense root mats just above the layer of polluted soil
E)  none of the aboveF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

If a soil is repeatedly polluted by a toxic organic compound over a period of years,the soil microbes will lose their ability to degrade the toxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which group of organic insecticides is most damaging to earthworms in soils?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbamates
B)  organo phosphates
C)  chlorinated hydrocarbonsD) None of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 6

Bioremediation of contaminated soil involves the use of _________ to ameliorate the soil pollution.

Accepted Answer

A)  organic solvents
B)  incineration
C)  photo-decomposition
D)  binding chemicals
E)  soil microorganismsF) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

One disadvantage of bioremediation is that this technology is usually much more expensive than standard engineering approaches for decontaminating polluted soils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The adsorption of many pesticides is greater in strongly acid soils than in neutral to alkaline soils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The greatest environmental or social cost of pesticide use in the United States is the damage to sport and commercial fishing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

It has been found that continued,repeated application of an organic toxin to a particular soil will _____ the capacity of that soil's microflora to degrade the compound in question.

Accepted Answer

A)  gradually inhibit
B)  have no effect on
C)  gradually enhanceD) All of the above
E) A) and C)

Question 11

Most classes of pesticides include some kind of aromatic ring in their chemical structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Toxic organic compounds that contaminate soils are an environmental problem because they may ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  kill or inhibit soil organisms (other than any pest targeted) 
B)  kill or injure plants (other than any target weeds) .
C)  contaminate or be taken up by plants and so cause toxic effects to animals or people eating the plants
D)  leach to groundwater cause toxic effects in drinking water or aquatic ecosystems
E)  all of the aboveF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

In soils treated with excessive rates of high-metal sewage sludge,most of the cadmium and lead is likely to be found in the form of exchangeable ions on the clay and humus exchange complex in the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Soil properties play a much more important role in choosing a site for a containment-type landfill than for a natural-attenuation-type landfill.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Maintaining soil reaction at pH 7.0 is likely to virtually eliminate any significant _______ by heavy metals applied to soils with sewage sludge.

Accepted Answer

A)  plant uptake
B)  leaching
C)  adsorption
D)  precipitation
E)  A and BF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

In the design of a _______ type landfill,biodegradation and colloid adsorption are important mechanisms of reducing pollution potential.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural attenuation
B)  containment
C)  both natural attenuation and containment
D)  neither natural attenuation and containmentE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Bioremediation of soils is often brought about by amending the polluted soils with fertilizers containing mineral nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A pesticide is more likely to contaminate groundwater if it has which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  highly volatile (high vapor pressure) 
B)  highly soluble in water
C)  strongly adsorbed to soil colloids
D)  rapidly degraded by soil microorganisms
E)  all of the aboveF) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 19

The principal human health effect of exposure to radon is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lung cancer
B)  diarrhea
C)  bone embrittlement
D)  blue baby syndrome
E)  none of the aboveF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes in landfills results in the production of ______ gas which is often recovered and used.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethylene
B)  oxygen
C)  ozone
D)  methane
E)  all of the aboveF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 18: Soils and Chemical Pollution

Most classes of pesticides include some kind of aromatic ring in their chemical structure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bioremediation of contaminated soil involves the use of _________ to ameliorate the soil pollution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the design of a _______ type landfill,biodegradation and colloid adsorption are important mechanisms of reducing pollution potential.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maintaining soil reaction at pH 7.0 is likely to virtually eliminate any significant _______ by heavy metals applied to soils with sewage sludge.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The greatest environmental or social cost of pesticide use in the United States is the damage to sport and commercial fishing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bioremediation of soils is often brought about by amending the polluted soils with fertilizers containing mineral nutrients.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In soils treated with excessive rates of high-metal sewage sludge,most of the cadmium and lead is likely to be found in the form of exchangeable ions on the clay and humus exchange complex in the soil.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toxic organic compounds that contaminate soils are an environmental problem because they may ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pesticide is more likely to contaminate groundwater if it has which of the following characteristics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a soil is repeatedly polluted by a toxic organic compound over a period of years,the soil microbes will lose their ability to degrade the toxin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes in landfills results in the production of ______ gas which is often recovered and used.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principal human health effect of exposure to radon is ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One disadvantage of bioremediation is that this technology is usually much more expensive than standard engineering approaches for decontaminating polluted soils.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperaccumulators are plants that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which class of organic toxins is often intentionally applied to soils?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been found that continued,repeated application of an organic toxin to a particular soil will _____ the capacity of that soil's microflora to degrade the compound in question.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The adsorption of many pesticides is greater in strongly acid soils than in neutral to alkaline soils.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organic chemicals whose structures have positively charged groups tend to be very immobile in the soil.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Soil properties play a much more important role in choosing a site for a containment-type landfill than for a natural-attenuation-type landfill.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which group of organic insecticides is most damaging to earthworms in soils?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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